IMPE Abstracts

Epigenetics describes the molecular mechanisms that control gene activity during development, from conception through to birth and aging. Mechanisms include methylation of DNA, covalent modifications of histones, and non-coding RNA. These act together to facilitate three-dimensional interactions within the genome, changing gene activity without changing DNA sequence, and perpetuating patters of gene activity through cell division. Epigenetic state can be influenced by genetics, environment and factors specific to the individual. Up until recently, epigenetic studies of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have mostly focused on cancer, which has led to a deeper understanding of its origins and mechanisms and to clinical biomarkers and therapies. Similar gains could be possible for many other NCDs because evidence has accumulated that epigenetics is likely to play a role in mediating the developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). It is likely that specific pre- and postnatal environments shift the epigenetic state of a subset of genes to one associated with increased NCD risk. Active areas of research in this field include a move towards consensus on the set of genes influenced by specific environmental factors through replication in larger studies, investigating whether changes in epigenetic state can be the cause or consequence of NCD, and improving analytical models, including those associated with prediction and mediation. Soon, such models may have the power to predict NCD risk more accurately in early life. However, this must be preceded by discussion of the technical, ethical, legal and social implications. Researchers must interact with a wide set of stakeholders, from the public to policy makers to ensure that personal epigenetic data is being used in an appropriate manner. In this presentation, I will showcase research findings from my group and others.